söndag 8 november 2009

Krakatoas utbrott 1883:


"On 27 August four enormous explosions took place at 05:30, 06:44, 10:02, and 10:41 local time. The explosions were so violent that they were heard 3,500 km (2,200 mi) away in Perth, Western Australia and the Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 km (3,000 mi) away, where they were thought to be cannonfire from a nearby ship.[1][2]:22 Each was accompanied by very large tsunamis, which are believed to have been over 30 meters (100 ft) high in places.

The pressure wave generated by the colossal final explosion radiated from Krakatoa at 1,086 km/hr (675 mph)[3]. It was so powerful that it shattered the eardrums of sailors on ships in the Sunda Strait (…)The pressure wave radiated across the globe and was recorded on barographs all over the world, which continued to register it up to 5 days after the explosion. Barograph recordings show that the shockwave from the final explosion reverberated around the globe 7 times in total.[2] Ash was propelled to a height of 80 km (50 mi).

Around noon on August 27, a rain of hot ash fell around Ketimbang (now Katibung in Lampung Province) in Sumatra. Around a thousand people were killed,

The combined effects of pyroclastic flows, volcanic ashes and tsunamis had disastrous results in the region. There were no survivors from 3,000 people located at the island of Sebesi, about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Krakatoa. Pyroclastic flows killed around 1,000 people at Ketimbang on the coast of Sumatra some 40 km (25 mi) north from Krakatoa. The official death toll recorded by the Dutch authorities was 36,417, although some sources put the estimate at 120,000 or more.

The town of Merak was destroyed by a 46 metre-high tsunami

In the aftermath of the eruption, it was found that the island of Krakatoa had almost entirely disappeared.

In the year following the eruption, average global temperatures fell by as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius. Weather patterns continued to be chaotic for years, and temperatures did not return to normal until 1888.

The eruption darkened the sky worldwide for years afterwards, and produced spectacular sunsets throughout the world for many months.

In 2004, researchers proposed the idea that the blood-red sky shown in Edvard Munch's famous 1893 painting The Scream is also an accurate depiction of the sky over Norway after the eruption"


"Även den rörelse i havet, som det vulkaniska utbrottet framkallade, spred sig vida omkring. Två ofantliga vågor utgick åt öster och väster, möttes på andra sidan jordklotet, återkom till utgångspunkten och genomlöpte ytterligare tre varv, innan de hann dog ut. Redan 27 augusti hade första vågen hunnit fram till Australien, där de senare återkom på eftermiddagen den 28. I Västindien märktes den den 27 på aftonen, i New York 30 augusti och så vidare."


Tänk er:

En explosion som hörs på 500 mils avstånd, som skapar en tryckvåg på mer än 1000 km/h, som skapar en 30 meter hög tsunami som åker fyra varv runt jorden, som sänker jordens medeltemperatur och påverkar jordens klimat under flera år. Det måste ju vara den enskilt mest fascinerande naturkatastrofen i modern tid. Tänk om man var där, fatta känslan! Varför har ingen gjort en film om Krakatoa?

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